Part 4 of 4. The Tom Thumb proved that steam could work on the B&O, but that was only the beginning. The famous horse race, the search for better locomotives, the challenge of Parr’s Ridge, and a growing focus on speed, capacity and efficiency helped turn an experiment into a new way of running a railroad, and eventually, a legend.

On the 289th anniversary of Charles Carroll of Carrollton’s birth, his later birthday celebrations reveal a Founder who remained vigorous, curious, and engaged with America’s future well into his nineties.

Part 3 of 4. The decisive August 28, 1830 journey grew out of months of horse-powered excursions, short steam trials, repairs, and repeated demonstrations. Together, they show how the B&O Railroad learned what steam could do.

Part 2 of 4. Improvised parts, uncertain dimensions, broken wheels, missing copper, and repeated trial runs reveal what the Tom Thumb really was .. a working locomotive prototype built in iron and steam.

Project Backgrounder The Remarkable 95-Year Life of America’s Founding-Era Entrepreneur When Charles Carroll of Carrollton died in 1832 at the age of 95, the United States was almost unrecognizable from the British colony into which he had been born. He had lived under three British kings. He had watched the colonies rebel, helped create an independent nation, served in its first governments, invested in its growing economy, supported canals and other transportation improveme

Part 1 of 4. The Tom Thumb experimental locomotive grew from a very large question: could the B& O Railroad rely on steam engines as it pushed west from a successful horse-powered beginning?

On July 1, 1862, in the middle of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act. The law authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad, a project that would link the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean and reshape the future of the United States.

A story from Oakland, Maryland, where the railroad age met the automobile age. When Iron Met Rubber explores the moment when those two ages overlapped with the Vagabonds and B&O Railroad.